Because I'm unemployed and bored, I've been thinking about the chronology of the Time War and what goes where. I've taken this to include some of the expanded media, such as Big Finish. Some of this, is of course, 100% speculation and retcon. Please feel free to add to this, switch events around or correct me.

I really see this as being in three stages:

The Cold Time War

Genesis of the Daleks - the first strike, when the Time Lords send the Doctor back to stop the Daleks from ever having been created.

Resurrection of the Daleks - the Daleks attempt to duplicate the Fifth Doctor in order to infiltrate the High Council of the Time Lords and assassinate them.

Then came the "Act of Master Restitution", an attempt by President Romana to broker a peace treaty before the Time War heated up. This leads to the Master being executed on Skaro in the events of the TV Movie.

Rememberance of the Daleks - during a skirmish on Earth, the Emperor (aka Davros) declares war on the Time Lords. The Doctor subsequently uses the Hand of Omega to destroy Skaro.

The Time War becomes hot

The Apocalypse Element - the Daleks' first military strike of the Time War, in which they invade Gallifrey and threaten the entire Galaxy.

The Time of the Daleks - the Daleks launch a huge fleet into the Vortex.

Much of what follows is undocumented in the form of an actual story, but is referenced in the post-2005 series.

The Doctor fought on the front lines, and was present at the Fall of Arcadia.

At some point, Dalek Caan travelled back in time from a post-Time War timeline and rescued Davros, taking him forward in time and out of the Time War.

The Master was resurrected by the Time Lords, and fought for them. He was present when the Daleks took the Cruciform and then ran away, disguising himself as a human using a Chameleon Arch.

At some point, Rassilon is resurrected, and takes control of the High Council. Under his rule, their methods become more and more desperate. Eventually, during the events of The End of Time, he finds a way to break the time lock using the Master, bringing Gallifrey into the post-Time War timeline and begin the "Ultimate Sanction", destroying the universe. This is stopped by the Tenth Doctor who sends the Time Lords back into the Time War.

Shortly after, the Eighth Doctor (speculation - could also be the Ninth) uses something called "the Moment" to destroy both the Time Lords and the Daleks, or so he believes. Soon after, we pick up the Doctor's adventures in Rose

The post-Time War events

It's believed that only two Time Lords survived the Time War - the Doctor and the Master, the latter having turned himself into a human and not knowing his true identity. (Utopia)

The Time War was devastating to higher species. It resulted in the destruction of the homeworld of the Nestene Consciousness (Rose) and the Gelth lost their physical form (The Unquiet Dead).

Without the Time Lords around to regulate time, the web of time is a lot more flexible and easy to damage, as per events seen in Father's Day.

A Dalek escaped from the Time War and was sent spiralling back in time, where it was eventually ended up in Henry Van Statten's collection. Rose Tyler accidentally influenced its DNA and it commits suicide. (Dalek)

Likewise, the Dalek Emperor escaped, and covertly started re-building the Dalek race using human DNA. This faction of Daleks was destroyed by Rose Tyler when she took in the power of the vortex (Bad Wolf/The Parting of the Ways)

The Cult of Skaro also escaped the Time War (Doomsday), and they tried to find radical methods of rebuilding the Dalek race and make them more successful (Daleks in Manhatten/Evolution of the Daleks). After a confrontation, only one of the - Dalek Sec - escapes, sending himself back into the Time War, rescuing Davros, who subsequently rebuilds the Dalek race, which then tries to destroy the Universe again. (The Stolen Earth/Journey's End)

Perhaps the final event of the Time War to date was another escaped faction of Daleks, who were no longer recognised as pure Daleks by their own technology (one assumes that they had corrupted themselves too much to fight the Time War) using the Doctor's voice to activate Dalek-building technology to being rebuilding the Dalek race again. These Time War-era Daleks were then destroyed by their purer counterparts, who escaped destruction by The Doctor (Victory of the Daleks)

There is an argument that the Time War continues until either The Doctor or the Daleks are finally destroyed forever.